Table 1 Demographic and 3D printer characteristics of the included studies
Demographic characteristics | 3D Printing Parameters | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study ID | Country | Study design | Sample size | Printed type/Model | Resin type/brand | Layer thickness | Wavelength/Light Intensity | Temperature settings | Build orientation | Post-curving time | Control |
[39] | India | In-vitro | 20/Each group | light-cured micro-hybrid | Envision TEC’s E-Dent 100/ GC Corporation, Japan, and Ceramill TEMP (AmannGirrbach, AG, Austria) for control. | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | PMMA (CH) and Heat activated polymerized CH resin (CC) |
[29] | S. Korea | In-vitro | 5 | SLA (S3Z), DLP (D3Z, D3P) | Acrylate Photopolymer, Bis-acrylic | 100 μm | NA | 37 °C | NA | NA | PMMA |
[1] | S. Korea | In-vitro | 15 specimens for each material | DLP (Nextdent Co.), SLA (Formlabs Co.), FDM (FlashForge Co.) | PMMA-based liquid photopolymer (NextDent Co., Formlabs Co., ColorFabb Co.) | DLP, SLA = 25–100 μm; FDM = 100–500 μm | NA | NA | 300 | DLP = 120 minutes, SLA = 60 minutes | PMMA-based self-cured resin |
[36] | China | In-vitro | NA | DLP, mono-LCD | Enlighten AA Temp, NextDent C&B | 100 μm | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
[34] | Saudi Arabia | In-vitro | 40 acrylic specimens | DLP (ASIGA, Erfurt, Germany), SLA (Formlabs Inc., Somerville, MA, USA) | DentaBASE (ASIGA, Erfurt, Germany), Denture Base Resin LP (Formlabs Inc., Somerville, MA, USA), Denture 3D+ (NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) Temporis (Composite resin) (DWS) | 50 μm | DentaBASE = 405 nm/13.14 mW/cm2, Denture Base Resin LP = 395 nm/1.176 mW/cm2, Denture 3D + =405 nm/1.4 mW/cm3 | 60 °C | 900 | Ten minutes | Heat-polymerized acrylic |
[37] | Turkey | In-vitro | 120 | NA | Temporis (Composite resin) | 60 μm | NA | 5–55 °C | 900 | NA | PMMA, Bis-acryl, CAD-CAM/Milled |
[31] | Brazil | In-vitro | 40/10 per group | SLA, SLS | Stratasys SLS resin, Gray Formlabs SLA resin (Restorative materials) (PA2201; Stratasys Direct Manufacturing; Gray Resin; Formlabs Inc) | NA | NA | 60 °C | 900 | NA | Acrylic resin, Bis-acryl resin |
[30] | S. Korea | In-vitro | 15/group | DLP (Sprintray Pro95 and NextDent 5100)/ Graphy Inc. and NextDent B.V., | Graphy (Methacrylate oligomer derived from polyurethane resin, phosphine oxides, and pigment)/ TC-80DP/ Graphy Inc., Seoul, Korea; NextDent (> 90% methacrylate monomer, methacrylic oligomers, < 3% phosphine oxides, pigment)/ C&B MFH/ NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands | Grapy = 50–100 μm, NextDent = 30–100 μm | 405 nm wavelength | NA | NA | 30 minutes | Prefabricated zirconia crowns |
[38] | Romania | In-vitro | 40 | DLP (printer that supports NextDent resins) | 3DCS: MFH, NextDent, NextDent C;B; 3DOS: HARZ Labs Dental Sand | NA | UV-A 315–400 nm | 60 °C | NA | 10–12 minutes | CAP: Duracyl, CHP: Superpont C + B: SpofaDental |
[32] | Brazil | In-vitro | 12 | SLA | Cosmos Temp | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Evolux PMMA, Structur 2 SC |
[33] | Brazil | In-vitro | 30/Each group | DLP (D30, Rapid Shape, Heimsheim, Germany) | COSMOS Temp (Yller, Pelotas, Brasil) | 65 μm | NA | 37 °C | NA | Seven minutes | Acrylic resin, Nanofilled composite resin, CAD/CAM PMMA resin, Bis-acryl composite resin |
[35] | Saudi Arabia | In-vitro | 6/Each group (6) | DLP (NextDent 5100; Nextdent, Soesterburg, the Netherlands; Asiga MAX; Asiga, Alexandria, Australia; Nova 3D Master; Nova3D, Shenzhen, China) | A1 and A2: NextDent 5100 printed with Crown & Bridge NextDent. B1 and B2: Asiga MAX printed with Asiga DentaTooth. C1 and C2 = Nova 3D Master | 50 μm | NA | NA | 900 | NA | N/A |
[40] | Germany | In-vitro | 50 | DLP | 3D-printed composite resin (VarseoSmile Crown Plus) | 50 μm | NA | 37 °C | 900 | NA | Polymer-infiltrated ceramic network, Nanohybrid composite resin |