Table 3 The distribution of individuals' oral health-related risk factors within the caries risk groups based on DMFT scores
Variables | Low Risk(DMFT < 4) | Moderate Risk(4 ≤ DMFT ≤ 8) | High Risk (DMFT > 8) | p Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 546 | n = 850 | n = 604 | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Age | < 30 | 342 | 62.6 | 390 | 45.8 | 158 | 26.1 | p < 0.00001 |
30–50 | 168 | 30.7 | 386 | 45.4 | 304 | 50.3 | ||
> 50 | 36 | 6.5 | 74 | 8.7 | 142 | 23.5 | ||
Gender | Men | 208 | 38 | 360 | 42.3 | 290 | 48 | p = 0.01 |
Women | 338 | 61.9 | 490 | 57.6 | 314 | 51.9 | ||
BMI | < 30 kg/m2 | 422 | 77.2 | 656 | 77.1 | 422 | 69.8 | p = 0.03 |
≥ 30 kg/m2 | 124 | 22.7 | 194 | 22.8 | 182 | 30.1 | ||
Tooth brushing frequency | ≤ 1 | 272 | 50.9 | 488 | 57.4 | 430 | 71.1 | p < 0.00001 |
2 | 238 | 43.5 | 312 | 36.7 | 166 | 27.4 | ||
≥ 3 | 30 | 5.4 | 50 | 5.8 | 8 | 1.3 | ||
Socioeconomic status | Low | 76 | 13.9 | 182 | 21.4 | 186 | 30.7 | p < 0.00001 |
Moderate | 454 | 83.1 | 650 | 76.4 | 404 | 66.8 | ||
High | 16 | 2.9 | 18 | 2.1 | 14 | 2.3 | ||
Employment status | Not working | 352 | 64.4 | 522 | 61.4 | 320 | 52.9 | p = 0.0001 |
Employed | 178 | 32.6 | 308 | 36.2 | 226 | 37.4 | ||
Retired | 16 | 2.9 | 20 | 2.3 | 58 | 9.6 | ||
Education level | ≤ Middle school | 252 | 46.1 | 398 | 46.8 | 394 | 65.2 | p = 0.00002 |
High school | 202 | 36.9 | 292 | 34.3 | 146 | 24.3 | ||
≥ College | 92 | 16.8 | 160 | 18.8 | 64 | 10.5 | ||
Marital status | Single | 316 | 57.8 | 380 | 44.7 | 166 | 27.4 | p < 0.00001 |
Married | 230 | 42.1 | 470 | 55.2 | 438 | 72.5 | ||
Alcohol use | Yes | 38 | 6.9 | 84 | 9.8 | 32 | 5.2 | p = 0.41 |
No | 508 | 93 | 766 | 90.1 | 572 | 94.7 | ||
Tobacco use | Yes | 118 | 21.6 | 266 | 31.2 | 154 | 25.4 | p = 0.33 |
No | 428 | 78.3 | 584 | 68.7 | 450 | 74.5 | ||
Hypertension | Yes | 34 | 6.2 | 50 | 5.8 | 64 | 10.5 | p = 0.04 |
No | 512 | 93.7 | 800 | 94.1 | 540 | 89.4 | ||
Diabet | Yes | 22 | 4 | 34 | 4 | 58 | 9.6 | p = 0.003 |
No | 524 | 95.9 | 816 | 96 | 546 | 90.3 | ||
COPD | Yes | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.6 | p = 0.56 |
No | 540 | 98.9 | 844 | 99.2 | 600 | 99.3 | ||
Heart failure | Yes | 16 | 2.9 | 14 | 1.6 | 30 | 4.9 | p = 0.13 |
No | 530 | 97 | 836 | 98.3 | 574 | 95 | ||
Stroke | Yes | 10 | 1.8 | 18 | 2.1 | 6 | 0.9 | p = 0.42 |
No | 536 | 98.1 | 832 | 97.8 | 598 | 99 | ||
Renal failure | Yes | 6 | 1 | 32 | 3.7 | 28 | 4.6 | p = 0.01 |
No | 540 | 98.9 | 818 | 96.2 | 576 | 95.3 | ||
Consumption of sugary snacks | Yes | 362 | 66.3 | 542 | 63.7 | 332 | 54.9 | p = 0.04 |
No | 184 | 33.6 | 308 | 36.2 | 272 | 45 | ||
Frequency of snack consumption | < 2 per day | 328 | 60 | 510 | 60 | 410 | 67.8 | p = 0.05 |
≥ 2 per day | 218 | 39.9 | 340 | 40 | 194 | 32.1 | ||
Use of dental floss | Yes | 70 | 12.8 | 104 | 12.2 | 64 | 10.5 | p = 0.40 |
No | 476 | 87.1 | 746 | 87.7 | 540 | 89.4 | ||
Malocclusion | Yes | 90 | 16.4 | 156 | 18.3 | 72 | 11.9 | p = 0.12 |
No | 456 | 83.5 | 694 | 81.6 | 532 | 88 | ||
Chemotherapy history | Yes | 2 | 0.3 | 16 | 1.8 | 8 | 1.3 | p = 0.33 |
No | 544 | 99.6 | 834 | 98.1 | 596 | 98.6 | ||
Radiotherapy history | Yes | 8 | 1.4 | 18 | 2.1 | 24 | 3.9 | p = 0.05 |
No | 538 | 98.5 | 832 | 97.8 | 580 | 96 | ||
Dry mouth | Yes | 132 | 24.1 | 210 | 24.7 | 208 | 34.4 | p = 0.005 |
No | 414 | 75.8 | 640 | 75.2 | 396 | 65.5 | ||
Visual impairment | Yes | 94 | 17.2 | 140 | 16.4 | 134 | 22.1 | p = 0.11 |
No | 452 | 82.7 | 710 | 83.5 | 470 | 77.8 | ||
ADHD | Yes | 32 | 5.8 | 40 | 4.7 | 36 | 5.9 | p = 0.93 |
No | 514 | 94.1 | 810 | 95.2 | 568 | 94 | ||
Memory impairment | Yes | 36 | 6.5 | 54 | 6.3 | 38 | 6.2 | p = 0.88 |
No | 510 | 93.4 | 796 | 93.6 | 566 | 93.7 | ||
Dentist visit in the last 1 year | 0 | 310 | 56.7 | 442 | 52 | 334 | 55.2 | p = 0.75 |
≥ 1 | 236 | 43.2 | 408 | 48 | 270 | 44.7 | ||
Time spent in front of the TV, phone or computer | ≤ 3 h | 184 | 33.6 | 326 | 38.3 | 278 | 46 | p = 0.003 |
> 3 h | 362 | 66.3 | 524 | 61.6 | 326 | 53.9 | ||
Experiencing difficulties in performing daily life activities | Yes | 80 | 14.6 | 144 | 16.9 | 114 | 18.8 | p = 0.17 |
No | 466 | 85.3 | 706 | 83 | 490 | 81.1 | ||
Walking disorder | Yes | 38 | 6.9 | 62 | 7.2 | 68 | 11.2 | p = 0.05 |
No | 508 | 93 | 788 | 92.7 | 536 | 88.7 | ||