Certainty assessment | № of patients | Effect | Certainty | Importance | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
№ of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Intervention | Control | Relative (95% CI) | ||
13 | Observational studies | not serious | not serious | not serious | not serious | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed dose response gradient | 495/891 (55.6%) | 396/891 (44.4%) | HR 1.34 (1.25 to 1.44) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁1 High | CRITICAL |