Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
Variant | Total (n = 9605) | No periodontitis (n = 4208) | Periodontitis (n = 5397) | Statistical information | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (S.E.) | 50.80 (0.24) | 47.63 (0.30) | 54.23 (0.32) | t=-15.15 | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 149.215 | < 0.001 |
 females | 4845 (50.69) | 2571 (58.50) | 2274 (42.25) |  |  |
 male | 4760 (49.31) | 1637 (41.50) | 3123 (57.75) |  |  |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 116.957 | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 1393 (7.96) | 436 (5.54) | 957 (10.57) |  |  |
 Non-Hispanic blacks | 1928 (10.16) | 688 (7.84) | 1240 (12.66) |  |  |
 Non-Hispanic whites | 4285 (69.86) | 2183 (75.90) | 2102 (63.33) |  |  |
 Other Hispanics | 951 (5.26) | 397 (4.72) | 554 (5.86) |  |  |
 Other races - including multiracial | 1048 (6.76) | 504 (6.00) | 544 (7.59) |  |  |
Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 45.195 | < 0.001 |
 married | 5630 (63.91) | 2635 (68.94) | 2995 (58.48) |  |  |
 unmarried | 3975 (36.09) | 1573 (31.06) | 2402 (41.52) |  |  |
PIR, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 174.401 | < 0.001 |
 0-1.13 | 2608 (17.21) | 858 (12.11) | 1750 (22.73) |  |  |
 1.13-5 | 6244 (76.43) | 3063 (82.17) | 3181 (70.24) |  |  |
 uncharted | 753 (6.35) | 287 (5.72) | 466 (7.04) |  |  |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 5.451 | 0.066 |
 Never drink | 2390 (19.67) | 1020 (19.19) | 1370 (20.19) |  |  |
 <1x/week | 3525 (35.54) | 1523 (34.20) | 2002 (36.98) |  |  |
 ≥1 time/week | 3690 (44.79) | 1665 (46.61) | 2025 (42.83) |  |  |
Serum cotinine levels, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 203.503 | < 0.001 |
 <0.05 ng/ml | 5583 (61.60) | 2794 (70.27) | 2789 (52.24) |  |  |
 ≥0.05 ng/ml | 4022 (38.40) | 1414 (29.73) | 2608 (47.76) |  |  |
Physical activity in leisure time, n (percentage) |  |  |  | χ2 = 69.898 | < 0.001 |
 <750 m x minutes/week | 8463 (85.17) | 3526 (81.13) | 4937 (89.53) |  |  |
 ≥750 Met x min/week | 1142 (14.83) | 682 (18.87) | 460 (10.47) |  |  |
Occupational physical activity, meters x minutes/week, mean (S.E.) | 447.21 (52.29) | 369.89 (67.53) | 530.80 (65.45) | t=-1.95 | 0.057 |
Screen usage time, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 33.151 | < 0.001 |
 <4 h | 3429 (38.30) | 1727 (43.26) | 1702 (32.94) |  |  |
 ≥4 h | 2700 (29.41) | 1210 (29.39) | 1490 (29.43) |  |  |
 uncharted | 3476 (32.29) | 1271 (27.35) | 2205 (37.63) |  |  |
Diabetes, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 125.921 | < 0.001 |
 hasn’t | 7930 (86.67) | 3714 (90.81) | 4216 (82.19) |  |  |
 be | 1675 (13.33) | 494 (9.19) | 1181 (17.81) |  |  |
Hypertension, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 73.439 | < 0.001 |
 hasn’t | 4240 (47.59) | 2204 (53.72) | 2036 (40.96) |  |  |
 be | 5365 (52.41) | 2004 (46.28) | 3361 (59.04) |  |  |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 18.837 | < 0.001 |
 hasn’t | 2381 (24.78) | 1195 (27.44) | 1186 (21.91) |  |  |
 be | 7224 (75.22) | 3013 (72.56) | 4211 (78.09) |  |  |
Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 192.089 | < 0.001 |
 hasn’t | 8795 (92.88) | 3999 (95.63) | 4796 (89.90) |  |  |
 be | 810 (7.12) | 209 (4.37) | 601 (10.10) |  |  |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 21.076 | < 0.001 |
 hasn’t | 8397 (88.13) | 3733 (89.52) | 4664 (86.63) |  |  |
 be | 1208 (11.87) | 475 (10.48) | 733 (13.37) |  |  |
Anti-infective drugs, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.220 | 0.639 |
 hasn’t | 9165 (94.87) | 4001 (94.73) | 5164 (95.02) |  |  |
 be | 440 (5.13) | 207 (5.27) | 233 (4.98) |  |  |
Body mass index, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 3.582 | 0.058 |
 <25 kg/m2 | 2520 (26.60) | 1167 (27.60) | 1353 (25.52) |  |  |
 ≥25 kg/m2 | 7085 (73.40) | 3041 (72.40) | 4044 (74.48) |  |  |
VD, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 90.944 | < 0.001 |
 <50 mmol/L | 2865 (22.38) | 1064 (18.34) | 1801 (26.75) |  |  |
 ≥50 nmol/L | 6740 (77.62) | 3144 (81.66) | 3596 (73.25) |  |  |
Dental floss/instrumentation, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 159.424 | < 0.001 |
 hasn’t | 2998 (27.41) | 1001 (22.07) | 1997 (33.17) |  |  |
 be | 6533 (72.13) | 3183 (77.49) | 3350 (66.33) |  |  |
 uncharted | 74 (0.46) | 24 (0.43) | 50 (0.49) |  |  |
Total energy, kcal, mean (S.E) | 2173.34 (14.98) | 2149.40 (15.54) | 2199.21 (22.32) | t=-2.11 | 0.040 |
MED score, mean (S.E.) | 6.45 (0.05) | 6.54 (0.06) | 6.35 (0.05) | t = 3.14 | 0.003 |