Characteristics | Lead, µg/dL | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (< 0.94) | T2 (0.94–1.60) | T3 (≥ 1.60) | ||
N | 2865 | 2856 | 2879 | Â |
Males, N(%) | 986 (34.42%) | 1449 (50.74%) | 1824 (63.36%) | < 0.001 |
Age, years | 45.41 ± 12.66 | 53.35 ± 13.74 | 57.20 ± 13.65 | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic White,N(%) | 1297 (45.27%) | 1221 (42.75%) | 1211 (42.06%) | Â |
Non-Hispanic Black,N(%) | 513 (17.91%) | 574 (20.10%) | 673 (23.38%) | Â |
Mexican American,N(%) | 417 (14.55%) | 404 (14.15%) | 427 (14.83%) | Â |
Other Hispanic,N(%) | 362 (12.64%) | 300 (10.50%) | 206 (7.16%) | Â |
Other races,N(%) | 276 (9.63%) | 357 (12.50%) | 362 (12.57%) | Â |
BMI, kg/m$ | 30.67 ± 7.61 | 29.20 ± 6.30 | 28.02 ± 5.74 | < 0.001 |
PIR | 2.73 ± 1.65 | 2.71 ± 1.67 | 2.51 ± 1.65 | < 0.001 |
Current smoking, N(%) | 334 (11.66%) | 509 (17.82%) | 780 (27.11%) | < 0.001 |
glycated hemoglobin,% | 5.79 ± 1.18 | 5.84 ± 1.09 | 5.81 ± 0.97 | 0.151 |
TC, mg/dL | 194.05 ± 39.50 | 199.74 ± 41.54 | 202.13 ± 42.05 | < 0.001 |
HDL, mg/dL | 51.78 ± 14.91 | 52.78 ± 16.13 | 54.28 ± 17.11 | < 0.001 |
SUA, mg/dL | 5.13 ± 1.41 | 5.49 ± 1.40 | 5.72 ± 1.39 | < 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 99.00 ± 18.97 | 90.62 ± 19.72 | 85.89 ± 21.51 | < 0.001 |
Mercury,medium (IQR), µg/L | 0.82 (0.44–1.56) | 1.02 (0.56–2.15) | 1.07 (0.54–2.41) | < 0.001 |
Cadmium, medium (IQR), µg/L | 0.26 (0.16–0.40) | 0.34 (0.22–0.57) | 0.45 (0.27–0.81) | < 0.001 |
hypertension, n (%) | 1017 (35.50%) | 1275 (44.66%) | 1472 (51.13%) | < 0.001 |
hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 2035 (71.03%) | 2174 (76.12%) | 2245 (77.98%) | < 0.001 |
diabetes, n (%) | 438 (15.51%) | 444 (15.59%) | 439 (15.25%) | 0.935 |
Antihypertensive drugs | 726 (25.34%) | 965 (33.79%) | 1035 (35.95%) | < 0.001 |
Lipoprotein-lowering drugs | 450 (15.71%) | 634 (22.20%) | 698 (24.24%) | < 0.001 |
Glucose-lowering drugs | 343 (11.97%) | 334 (11.69%) | 280 (9.73%) | 0.013 |