Table 2 Summary of the subgroup meta-analysis results for the influential factors on the incidence of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis in vital teeth following indirect restorations
Outcome | Subgroup analysis | Pulp necrosis | Periapical pathosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total teeth | PN incidence % | CI (95%) | I2% | Total teeth | PP incidence % | CI (95%) | I2% | ||
Assessment method | Subjective | 3181 | 3.91 | 1.86–6.66 | 88.07 | – | – | – | – |
Objective | 6581 | 5.66 | 3.71–7.99 | 91.14 | – | – | – | – | |
Radiographic | 1853 | 4.95 | 2.43–8.29 | 86.57 | – | – | – | – | |
Temporary cement | Eugenol-based | 7043 | 3.34 | 1.66–5.58 | 94.43 | – | – | – | – |
Eugenol-free | 639 | 5.77 | 3.72–8.24 | 34.58 | – | – | – | – | |
Temporization duration |  ≤ 2 weeks | 1907 | 1.47 | 0.81–2.31 | 11.07 | – | – | – | – |
 > 2 weeks | 2280 | 4.25 | 1.28–8.85 | 88.79 | – | – | – | – | |
Impression material | Polyether | 2985 | 4.02 | 2.47–5.92 | 69.04 | – | – | – | – |
Polyvinyl siloxane | 636 | 3.17 | 1.55–5.34 | 44.37 | – | – | – | – | |
Restoration material | Ceramic | 460 | 5.59 | 2.89–9.12 | 47.38 | – | – | – | – |
PFM | 1980 | 5.71 | 0.12–18.75 | 97.17 | – | – | – | – | |
Permanent cement | Resin | 738 | 3.37 | 1.90–5.23 | 32.02 | – | – | – | – |
GIC | 182 | 5.33 | 2.56–9.03 | 0 | – | – | – | – | |
Zinc phosphate | 1387 | 4.92 | 3.85–6.20 | 85.09 | – | – | – | – | |
Posttreatment follow-up |  ≤ 5 years | 5532 | 3.53 | 2.10–5.31 | 86.66 | 856 | 2.26 | 0.59–4.98 | 73.4 |
6–10 years | 2443 | 5.53 | 3.74–7.64 | 73.95 | 1864 | 3.88 | 1.95–6.45 | 82.01 | |
 > 10 years | 3640 | 6.74 | 2.82–12.18 | 96.02 | 2656 | 4.05 | 0.89–9.36 | 94.86 | |
Clinical expertise | Undergraduate students | 1604 | 5.68 | 3.17–8.86 | 80.33 | – | – | – | – |
General practitioners | 2113 | 4.44 | 2.16–7.49 | 87.33 | – | – | – | – | |
Prosthodontists | 3834 | 1.87 | 0.84–3.31 | 82.44 | – | – | – | – | |