Fig. 4From: Substance P participates in periodontitis by upregulating HIF-1α and RANKL/OPG ratioSubstance P upregulated the level of HIF-1α in gingival fibroblasts. After 24 h, both 1 μg/ml LPS and 10 nM substance P obviously induced TNF-α expression (*P < 0.05) (a). The level of HIF-1α was upregulated by applying of 10 nM SP with or without 1 μg/ml LPS in gingival fibroblasts by western blotting (*P < 0.05) (b)Back to article page