Table 3 Distribution of periodontal outcomes and comparison of change between groups over time

Healthy

Perio-conditions (n, %)

4 (2.2%)

10 (5.3%)

33 (17.6%)

4 (2.2%)

9 (5.0%)

12 (6.6%)

VPI (mean ± SD)(0 ~ 1) ^§

0.19 ± 0.16^a

0.14 ± 0.13^b

0.15 ± 0.14^b

0.19 ± 0.15^a

0.16 ± 0.16^b

0.22 ± 0.17^a

 <0.001

 <0.001

 0.025

 VPI > 0 (n,%)

157 (83.5%)

138 (73.4%)

141 (75.0%)

149 (82.3%)

130 (71.8%)

151 (73.4%)

 VPI > 0.5 (n,%)

7 (3.7%)

1 (0.5%)

0 (0%)

4 (2.2%)

4 (2.2%)

9 (5%)

BOP% (mean + SD)(0 ~ 100%) ^§

57 ± 27^a

46 ± 30^b

35 ± 29^c

58 ± 27^a

52 ± 29^b

46 ± 26^c

 BOP> 0 (n,%)

181 (96.3%)

166 (88.3%)

151 (75.0%)

168 (92.8%)

164 (90.6%)

151 (83.4%)

 BOP> 50% (n,%)

103 (54.8%)

71 (37.8%)

48 (25.5%)

101 (55.8%)

84 (46.4%)

64 (35.4%)

NPoc (mean + SD)(0 ~ 6) ^¶

0.22 ± 0.25^a

0.29 ± 0.19^b

0.08 ± 0.16^c

0.21 ± 0.25^a

0.30 ± 0.16^b

0.09 ± 0.17^c

 0-3 mm (n,%)

165 (87.8%)

162 (86.2%)

179 (95.2%)

165 (91.2%)

143 (79.0%)

172 (95.0%)

  > 3 mm (n,%)

23 (12.2%)

26 (13.8%)

9 (4.8%)

16 (8.8%)

38 (21.0%)

9 (5.0%)

NLoA (mean + SD)(0 ~ 6) ^¶

0.23 ± 0.24^a

0.22 ± 0.18^a

0.12 ± 0.16^b

0.21 ± 0.15^a

0.21 ± 0.16^a

0.10 ± 0.17^b

 0-3 mm (n,%)

167 (88.8%)

168 (89.4%)

179 (95.2%)

165 (91.2%)

154 (85.1%)

172 (95.0%)

  > 3 mm (n,%)

21 (11.2%)

20 (10.6%)

9 (4.8%)

16 (8.8%)

27 (14.9%)

9 (5.0%)