Fig. 2

Mean values of the intensity of intraoperative and postoperative pain reported in the eligible studies after glide path preparation with different kinematics: M-GP, manual glide path; CR-GP, continuous rotary glide path; R-GP, reciprocating glide path; WGP, without glide path. 1, Pasqualini et al. [18]; 2, Chen et al. [32]; 3, Adiguzel et al. [2]; 4, Tufenkçi et al. [34]; 5, Kesklin et al. [4]. Unfilled circles represent a significantly higher level of pain than the other groups in the same assessment period and in each study. In the study by Tufenkçi et al. [34], the only one in which pain level values were expressed as medians, the intensity of intraoperative pain attributed to R-GP was obtained by calculating the mean of R-GP (RP) and R-GP (WOGG) medians, and the intensity of intraoperative pain attributed to CR-GP was obtained by calculating the mean of CR-GP (OP) and CR-GP (PG) medians. The study by Guo et al. [33] was not included in the graph because it did not report intraoperative pain levels in the studied groups, but only the percentage of pain occurrence: 15-20% for CR-GP and 25-35% for MG-GP, with a statistically significant difference between them.