Table 1 General characteristics by unmet dental need
Variable | N | % | Male (n = 4173) | Female (n = 5355) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No unmet need | Unmet need | No unmet need | Unmet need | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | p-value | N | % | N | % | p-value | |||
Total | 9528 | 100.0 | 2524 | 60.5 | 1649 | 39.5 | 2995 | 55.9 | 2360 | 44.1 | ||
Working hours per week | < 0.001 | 0.030 | ||||||||||
No work | 2816 | 29.6 | 510 | 67.5 | 245 | 32.5 | 1208 | 58.6 | 853 | 41.4 | ||
< 40 | 3346 | 35.1 | 844 | 61.6 | 527 | 38.4 | 1083 | 54.8 | 892 | 45.2 | ||
41–48 | 1100 | 11.5 | 365 | 59.1 | 253 | 40.9 | 259 | 53.7 | 223 | 46.3 | ||
49–60 | 1366 | 14.3 | 516 | 58.2 | 371 | 41.8 | 258 | 53.9 | 221 | 46.1 | ||
> 60 | 900 | 9.4 | 289 | 53.3 | 253 | 46.7 | 187 | 52.2 | 171 | 47.8 | ||
Age | < 0.001 | 0.160 | ||||||||||
20–29 | 1076 | 11.3 | 245 | 59.3 | 168 | 40.7 | 353 | 53.2 | 310 | 46.8 | ||
30–39 | 1678 | 17.6 | 370 | 54.2 | 313 | 45.8 | 537 | 54.0 | 458 | 46.0 | ||
40–49 | 1692 | 17.8 | 448 | 59.7 | 303 | 40.3 | 539 | 57.3 | 402 | 42.7 | ||
50–59 | 2019 | 21.2 | 527 | 56.4 | 407 | 43.6 | 595 | 54.8 | 490 | 45.2 | ||
60–65 | 1058 | 11.1 | 311 | 64.8 | 169 | 35.2 | 335 | 58.0 | 243 | 42.0 | ||
65- | 2005 | 21.0 | 623 | 68.3 | 289 | 31.7 | 636 | 58.2 | 457 | 41.8 | ||
Private insurance | 0.404 | 0.184 | ||||||||||
No | 2551 | 26.8 | 711 | 61.5 | 445 | 38.5 | 759 | 54.4 | 636 | 45.6 | ||
Yes | 6977 | 73.2 | 1813 | 60.1 | 1204 | 39.9 | 2236 | 56.5 | 1724 | 43.5 | ||
Health insurance type | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
NHI (local) | 3215 | 33.7 | 841 | 57.4 | 623 | 42.6 | 921 | 52.6 | 830 | 47.4 | ||
NHI (employee’s) | 5971 | 62.7 | 1629 | 62.7 | 969 | 37.3 | 1966 | 58.3 | 1407 | 41.7 | ||
Medical aid | 342 | 3.6 | 54 | 48.6 | 57 | 51.4 | 108 | 46.8 | 123 | 53.2 | ||
Household income | 0.035 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
Low | 1817 | 19.1 | 418 | 58.0 | 303 | 42.0 | 564 | 51.5 | 532 | 48.5 | ||
low - moderate | 2471 | 25.9 | 634 | 59.9 | 425 | 40.1 | 764 | 54.1 | 648 | 45.9 | ||
Moderate -High | 2599 | 27.3 | 693 | 59.1 | 479 | 40.9 | 816 | 57.2 | 611 | 42.8 | ||
High | 2641 | 27.7 | 779 | 63.8 | 442 | 36.2 | 851 | 59.9 | 569 | 40.1 | ||
Region of residence | 0.001 | 0.736 | ||||||||||
Urban | 7417 | 77.8 | 2005 | 61.8 | 1239 | 38.2 | 2339 | 56.1 | 1834 | 43.9 | ||
Rural | 2111 | 22.2 | 519 | 55.9 | 410 | 44.1 | 656 | 55.5 | 526 | 44.5 | ||
Occupation type | 0.065 | 0.308 | ||||||||||
Office | 3417 | 35.9 | 919 | 62.8 | 544 | 37.2 | 1108 | 56.7 | 846 | 43.3 | ||
Labor | 5181 | 54.4 | 1464 | 59.1 | 1015 | 40.9 | 1514 | 56.0 | 1188 | 44.0 | ||
Service | 930 | 9.8 | 141 | 61.0 | 90 | 39.0 | 373 | 53.4 | 326 | 46.6 | ||
Self-assessment of dental health | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
Good | 716 | 7.5 | 297 | 83.4 | 59 | 16.6 | 286 | 79.4 | 74 | 20.6 | ||
Moderate | 3071 | 32.2 | 890 | 71.9 | 347 | 28.1 | 1226 | 66.8 | 608 | 33.2 | ||
Bad | 5741 | 60.3 | 1337 | 51.8 | 1243 | 48.2 | 1483 | 46.9 | 1678 | 53.1 | ||
Reason for unmet dental needs* | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
No unmet need | 5519 | 57.9 | 2524 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2995 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Lack of ability to pay | 0 | 0.0 | 590 | 35.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 931 | 39.4 | ||||
Lack of ability to reach | 0 | 0.0 | 543 | 32.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 617 | 43.2 | ||||
Lack of ability to perceive | 0 | 0.0 | 516 | 31.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 812 | 28.1 | ||||
Number of family members | 0.018 | 0.063 | ||||||||||
More than one | 8654 | 90.8 | 2367 | 61.0 | 1515 | 39.0 | 2690 | 56.4 | 2082 | 43.6 | ||
Alone | 874 | 9.2 | 157 | 54.0 | 134 | 46.0 | 305 | 52.3 | 278 | 47.7 | ||
Level of education | 0.020 | 0.644 | ||||||||||
Middle school | 3457 | 36.3 | 758 | 60.8 | 488 | 39.2 | 1223 | 55.3 | 988 | 44.7 | ||
High school | 3049 | 32.0 | 829 | 57.8 | 606 | 42.2 | 902 | 55.9 | 712 | 44.1 | ||
≥ college | 3022 | 31.7 | 937 | 62.8 | 555 | 37.2 | 870 | 56.9 | 660 | 43.1 | ||
Usage of dental care tools | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 5363 | 56.3 | 1481 | 56.9 | 1120 | 43.1 | 1423 | 51.5 | 1339 | 48.5 | ||
Yes | 4165 | 43.7 | 1043 | 66.3 | 529 | 33.7 | 1572 | 60.6 | 1021 | 39.4 | ||
Number of times brushing teeth per day | 0.004 | 0.069 | ||||||||||
0–1 | 1240 | 13.0 | 419 | 55.9 | 331 | 44.1 | 255 | 52.0 | 235 | 48.0 | ||
≥ 2 | 8288 | 87.0 | 2105 | 61.5 | 1318 | 38.5 | 2740 | 56.3 | 2125 | 43.7 | ||
Dental checkup within last one year | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 6546 | 68.7 | 1596 | 56.9 | 1207 | 43.1 | 1900 | 50.8 | 1843 | 49.2 | ||
Yes | 2982 | 31.3 | 928 | 67.7 | 442 | 32.3 | 1095 | 67.9 | 517 | 32.1 | ||
Smoke | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 5424 | 56.9 | 500 | 67.1 | 245 | 32.9 | 2666 | 57.0 | 2013 | 43.0 | ||
Current smoker | 2104 | 22.1 | 947 | 53.7 | 815 | 46.3 | 162 | 47.4 | 180 | 52.6 | ||
Past smoker | 2000 | 21.0 | 1077 | 64.6 | 589 | 35.4 | 167 | 50.0 | 167 | 50.0 | ||
Drink | 0.148 | 0.938 | ||||||||||
No drink | 3579 | 37.6 | 444 | 61.5 | 278 | 38.5 | 1110 | 56.2 | 864 | 43.8 | ||
Light drink | 2363 | 24.8 | 1135 | 61.7 | 704 | 38.3 | 1594 | 55.8 | 1263 | 44.2 | ||
Heavy drink | 2136 | 22.4 | 945 | 58.6 | 667 | 41.4 | 291 | 55.5 | 233 | 44.5 | ||
Average hours of sleep per week | 0.036 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
< 5 | 478 | 5.0 | 86 | 55.1 | 70 | 44.9 | 159 | 49.4 | 163 | 50.6 | ||
5–6 | 3772 | 39.6 | 980 | 58.4 | 698 | 41.6 | 1125 | 53.7 | 969 | 46.3 | ||
7–8 | 4588 | 48.2 | 1297 | 62.5 | 777 | 37.5 | 1474 | 58.6 | 1040 | 41.4 | ||
> 8 | 690 | 7.2 | 161 | 60.8 | 104 | 39.2 | 237 | 55.8 | 188 | 44.2 | ||
BMI | 0.113 | 0.130 | ||||||||||
≤ 25 | 4275 | 44.9 | 1552 | 59.6 | 1054 | 40.4 | 2087 | 56.6 | 1599 | 43.4 | ||
> 25 | 3236 | 34.0 | 972 | 62.0 | 595 | 38.0 | 908 | 54.4 | 761 | 45.6 | ||
Year | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
2010 | 1489 | 15.6 | 357 | 54.0 | 304 | 46.0 | 419 | 50.6 | 409 | 49.4 | ||
2011 | 1335 | 14.0 | 329 | 57.1 | 247 | 42.9 | 408 | 53.8 | 351 | 46.2 | ||
2012 | 1789 | 18.8 | 459 | 58.2 | 329 | 41.8 | 530 | 52.9 | 471 | 47.1 | ||
2013 | 1769 | 18.6 | 486 | 62.6 | 290 | 37.4 | 589 | 59.3 | 404 | 40.7 | ||
2014 | 1529 | 16.0 | 448 | 67.4 | 217 | 32.6 | 497 | 57.5 | 367 | 42.5 | ||
2015 | 1617 | 17.0 | 445 | 62.9 | 262 | 37.1 | 552 | 60.7 | 358 | 39.3 | ||