Table 3 Studies’ characteristics (n = 37). Studies focusing on water fluoridation and fluoride toothpaste are not included
# Study | Country Level | Age groups (yrs) | Follow – up/retrospective period | Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Other fluoride supplement (n = 9) | ||||
1. Agrawal N & Pushpanjali K. 2011 [40] | India Community | 9–16 | Follow-up: 6/12 mo. | Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel |
2. Meyer-Lueckel H et al. 2010 [56] | Germany Community | 6–9 | Retrospective period: 2–4 yrs. | Fluoride tablets |
3. Oliveira BH et al. 2014 [57] | Brazil Community | 1–4 | Follow up: 2 yrs. | Fluoride Varnish |
4. Pitchika V et al. 2013 [58] | Germany Subnational | 2–3 | Follow-up: 2 yrs. | Fluoride Varnish |
5. Schuller AA & Kalsbeek H. 2003 [59] | The Netherlands Subnational | 15–17 | Cross-sectional comparisons | Topical fluoride |
6. Riley JC et al. 2005 [60] | United Kingdom Subnational | Mean age: 10–11 | Cross-sectional comparisons | Milk fluoridation |
7. Levin KA et al. 2009 [61] | United Kingdom Subnational | Mean age: 11.39 | Cross-sectional comparisons | Fluoride rinsing |
8. Toumba KJ & Curzon ME. 2005 [41] | United Kingdom Community | 8 | Follow up: 2 yrs | Slow-releasing fluoride device |
9. Wennhall I et al. 2014 [62] | Sweden Community | 12–14 | Follow up: 2 yrs | Fluoridated salt |
Oral health studies and programs including fluoride supplements with other intervention types (n = 13) | ||||
10. Minah G et al. 2008 [63] | USA Community | 6–27 mo | Follow up: 26 mo | For high caries risk subjects with caries experience and high MS units: fluoride varnish and reinforcement of caries prevention |
11. Bravo et al. 1997 [42] | Spain Community | 6–8 | Follow up: I yr | Sealant and Fluoride Varnish |
12. Songpaisan Y et al. 1995 [64] | Thailand Community | 7–8, 12–13 | Follow up: 2 yrs | GI cement/sealants/HF application |
13. Wennhall I et al. 2008 [65] | Sweden Subnational | 2 | Follow up: 3 yrs | Parent education/ toothbrushing instruction/ diet/fluoride tablets |
14. Wagner Y et al. 2014 [66] | Austria Subnational | New mothers at time after birth | Retrospective evaluation of outcome of Oral health Promoting Program - children 5-yrs | Oral hygiene instructions for mother/child (MI approach) |
15. Dülgergil CT et al. 2005 [67] | Turkey Community | 10–11 | Follow up: 6 mo, 1 yr | ART in combination with Fluoride Varnish fissure sealants |
16. Meurman P et al. 2009 [68] | Finland Community | 18 mo | Follow up: 5-yrs. | For families for MS-positive children: Health education to caretakers/ xylitol lozenges for the child. |
17. Armfield JM & Spencer AJ. 2007 [43] | Australia Subnational | Mean age: 10.5 | Follow-up: mean of 2 yrs | Fissure sealants in combination with water fluoridation |
18. Blair Y et al. 2004 [69] | Scotland Community | 36–59 mo | Follow-up: 2 yrs., 4 yrs | Community based oral health program; nutrition, oral hygiene, fluoride dentifrice, outreach activity |
19. Blair Y et al. 2006 [70] | Scotland Community | 5 | Follow-up: 6 yrs. Secondary analysis of routine caries datasets 1997–98 to 2003–04 | Community based oral health program |
20. Stokes E et al. 2011 [44] | Great Britain Community | 13 | Follow-up: 2 yrs. | Supervised toothbrushing/self-applied high-fluoride gel by toothbrushing |
21. Lindgard M 2013 [71] | Sweden Community | 2 | Follow-up: 1 yr. | Prevention program-oral information, diet and hygiene counseling, fluoride tablets |
22. Baca P et al. 2004 [72] | Spain Community | 6–7 | Follow-up: 24 mo | Clorhexidine in combination with Thymol Varnish |
Sealants (n = 3) | ||||
23. Muller-Bolla M et al. 2013 [73] | France Community | 6–7 | Follow-up: 1 yr. | Resin-based sealant |
24. Tickle M et al. 2007 [74] | England Subnational | 5–14 | Retrospective period: data collected from patients’ case notes | Fissure sealant |
25. Baldini V et al. 2010 [75] | Portugal Sub- national | 8 | Retrospective period: 2 yrs. (assessed when 10 yrs) | Sealant |
Toothbrushing (n = 3) | ||||
26. Curnow MM et al. 2002 [38] | Scotland Subnational | Mean age 5.3. | Follow-up: 2 yrs | Supervised toothbrushing |
27. Jackson RJ et al. 2005 [39] | England Community | Mean age: 5.63 | Follow-up: at 21 mo | Supervised toothbrushing |
28. Macpherson LMD et al. 2013 [52] | Scotland National | 5 | Population study involving multiple cross-sectional dental epidemiology surveys | Supervised toothbrushing |
Nutrition (n = 3) | ||||
29. Freeman R et al. 2001 [76] | Ireland Subnational | 9 | Follow-up: 1 yr., 2 yrs | Healthier eating (BBB) |
30. Feldens CA et al. 2010 [36] | Brazil Community | 6, 8, 10, 12 mo | Follow-up: 4 yrs. | Nutritional program (mother/child approach) |
31. Chaffee BW et al. 2013 [77] | Brazil Community | 6 mo | Follow-up:12 mo, 36 mo | Nutritional training (mother/child approach) |
Motivating Interviewing (n = 1) | ||||
32. Ismail AL et al. 2011 [78] | USA Community | 0–5 | Follow-up: 2 yrs. | Tailored motivational intervention (mother/child approach) |
Oral health education (n = 4) | ||||
33. Kressin NR et al. 2009 [79] | USA Community | 6mo- 5 yrs | Follow-up | For parents: Communications skills training/ EMR/educational brochure |
34. Kowash MB et al. 2000 [80] | United Kingdom Community | 11.4 mo | Follow-up: 3 yrs | Oral health long term education programme |
35. Mohebbi SZ et al. 2009 [37] | Iran National | 12–15 mo with mothers | Follow-up: 6 mo | Educational intervention |
36. van Palenstein Helderman WH et al. 1997 [81] | Tanzania Community | 9–14 yrs | Follow-up: 3,8,15 and 36 mo | School-based OHE programme; education and supervised toohbrushing |
Remineralizing Paste (n = 1) | ||||
37. Plonka KA et al. 2013 [82] | Australia Subnational | 6 mo | Follow-up: 12, 18, 24 mo | Comparing a remineralizing paste with and antibacterial gel |