Common risk factors and edentulism in adults, aged 50 years and over, in China, Ghana, India and South Africa: results from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

Kailembo, Alexander; Preet, Raman; Stewart Williams, Jennifer

doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0256-2

Table 2 Weighted prevalence of self-reported edentulism according to characteristics of study population of adults aged 50+ years in China, Ghana, India and South Africa and pooled, SAGE Wave 1

From: Common risk factors and edentulism in adults, aged 50 years and over, in China, Ghana, India and South Africa: results from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

Characteristics	China			Ghana			India			South Africa			Pooled data
Characteristics	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI
Prevalence	1250	8.9	8.1–9.8	112	2.9	2.3–3.6	916	15.3	13.4–17.5	313	8.7	7.0–10.8	2591	10.9	9.9–11.9
Sex	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value
Male	555	44.4	<0.001	47	45.0	0.220	436	47.0	0.274	105	38.2	0.713	1143	44.7	0.004
Female	695	55.6	<0.001	65	55.0	0.220	480	53.0	0.274	208	61.8	0.713	1448	55.3	0.004
Age group (years)
50–59	161	13.9	<0.001	27	24.9	<0.001	225	30.8	<0.001	105	36.5	0.072	518	22.0	<0.001
60–69	335	30.0		24	20.5		296	29.4		104	34.2		759	28.4
70–79	526	39.2		25	24.5		278	31.1		79	20.0		908	34.2
80+	228	16.9		36	30.1		117	8.7		25	9.3		406	15.4
Residence
Urban	540	42.1	0.005	58	59.3	0.020	245	35.4	0.074	277	83.7	<0.001	1120	36.2	0.036
Rural	710	57.9	0.005	54	45.7	0.020	671	64.6	0.074	36	16.3	<0.001	1471	63.8	0.036
Highest education
No schooling	531	42.0	<0.001	74	62.2	0.551	499	55.5	0.100	36	10.0	0.004	1140	49.4	<0.001
Primary or less	464	39.5		17	17.9		259	25.8		176	51.5		916	33.1
Secondary	224	16.8		17	15.7		127	14.9		93	34.4		461	15.2
University	31	1.7		4	4.2		31	3.8		8	4.1		74	2.4
Wealth quintile
1 (Lowest)	386	26.6	<0.001	24	17.8	0.861	136	18.8	0.854	28	8.5	<0.001	574	23.7	<0.001
2	274	21.4		21	16.8		176	18.1		48	14.8		519	19.9
3	264	22.9		24	24.7		178	17.5		74	16.5		540	20.0
4	197	16.7		20	17.8		195	21.4		75	21.4		487	18.4
5 (Highest)	129	12.4		23	23.0		231	24.2		88	38.8		471	18.0
Smoking
Non-smoker	842	64.6	<0.001	85	72.6	0.300	429	48.1	0.150	187	57.6	0.020	1543	57.2	0.020
Daily smoker	273	23.7		9	6.7		385	42.2		94	29.6		761	32.3
Non-daily smoker	22	1.5		1	0.6		31	3.5		5	0.4		59	2.4
Former smoker	113	10.2		17	20.1		71	6.2		27	12.4		228	8.1
Alcohol use
Drinker	329	28.8	0.001	58	53.3	0.317	116	11.0	0.001	79	22.9	0.576	582	20.4	<0.001
Non-drinker	921	71.2	0.001	54	46.7	0.317	800	89.0	0.001	234	77.1	0.576	2009	79.6	<0.001
Nutritional status
Inadequate	253	16.7	<0.001	75	66.9	0.816	798	89.4	0.500	235	74.2	0.207	1361	51.7	<0.001
Adequate	997	83.3	<0.001	37	33.1	0.816	118	10.6	0.500	78	25.8	0.207	1230	48.3	<0.001
Chronic conditions
Diabetes
Yes	101	7.8	0.210	8	9.0	0.012	77	8.4	0.135	68	18.0	0.001	254	7.7	0.067
No	1149	92.2	0.210	104	91.0	0.012	839	91.6	0.135	245	82.0	0.001	2337	92.3	0.067
Angina
Yes	173	11.8	0.001	7	10.1	0.011	55	5.7	0.827	33	7.2	0.146	268	8.6	0.018
No	1077	88.2	0.001	105	89.9	0.011	861	94.3	0.827	280	92.8	0.146	2323	91.4	0.018
Hypertension
Yes	465	34.5	<0.001	10	11.8	0.603	175	16.3	0.777	173	57.7	<0.001	823	25.5	0.026
No	785	65.5	<0.001	102	88.2	0.603	741	83.7	0.777	140	42.3	<0.001	1768	74.5	0.026

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