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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participates

From: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nmol/L

Severely deficient (< 25)

Deficient (25–49.9)

Insufficient (50–74.9)

Normal (≥ 75)

N

105

697

1104

929

Age(year)

46.03 ± 11.88

46.20 ± 11.95

48.48 ± 12.81

55.14 ± 14.61

Gender

 Male

46 (43.81%)

352 (50.50%)

584 (52.90%)

389 (41.87%)

 Female

59 (56.19%)

345 (49.50%)

520 (47.10%)

540 (58.13%)

Creatinine, urine(umol/L)

10,961 (6806, 16,663)

10,210 (5569, 1547)

9370. (5304, 14,409)

7602 (4243, 12,287)

Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL)

90.44 ± 20.80

93.97 ± 24.13

94.20 ± 26.18

92.33 ± 25.44

BMI(Kg/m2)

33.19 ± 8.83

30.87 ± 7.61

29.07 ± 6.18

27.96 ± 6.51

Glycohemoglobin (%)

5.89 ± 1.26

5.83 ± 1.21

5.70 ± 0.94

5.70 ± 0.96

Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)

6.00 ± 2.36

6.10 ± 2.11

5.97 ± 1.80

5.83 ± 1.49

Direct HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.34 ± 0.39

1.30 ± 0.39

1.33 ± 0.39

1.50 ± 0.46

Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.85 ± 0.90

5.03 ± 1.13

5.02 ± 1.00

5.06 ± 1.18

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.01 (0.71, 1.42)

1.03 (0.72, 1.67)

1.17 (0.78–1.82)

1.06 (0.74, 1.53)

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.85 ± 0.73

3.00 ± 0.87

3.00 ± 0.92

2.98 ± 0.91

Race/Hispanic origin

 Mexican American

12 (11.43%)

144 (20.66%)

184 (16.67%)

75 (8.07%)

 Other Hispanic

6 (5.71%)

59 (8.46%)

126 (11.41%)

51 (5.49%)

 Non-Hispanic White

14 (13.33%)

172 (24.68%)

467 (42.30%)

589 (63.40%)

 Non-Hispanic Black

59 (56.19%)

198 (28.41%)

147 (13.32%)

95 (10.23%)

 Other Race

14 (13.33%)

124 (17.79%)

180 (16.30%)

119 (12.81%)

Education level

 Less than 11th grade

19 (18.10%)

159 (22.81%)

221 (20.02%)

117 (12.61%)

 High school graduate/GED

28 (26.67%)

154 (22.09%)

224 (20.29%)

170 (18.32%)

 Some college or AA degree

36 (34.29%)

205 (29.41%)

316 (28.62%)

290 (31.25%)

 College graduate or above

22 (20.95%)

179 (25.68%)

343 (31.07%)

351 (37.82%)

Marital status

 Single/divorced/widowed

31 (29.52%)

142 (20.37%)

216 (19.58%)

205 (22.07%)

 Never married

26 (24.76%)

115 (16.50%)

96 (8.70%)

85 (9.15%)

 Married/living as married

48 (45.71%)

440 (63.13%)

791 (71.71%)

639 (68.78%)

Ratio of family income to poverty

 < 1.3

41 (40.20%)

231 (36.09%)

270 (26.63%)

185 (21.54%)

 1.3–3.5

44 (43.14%)

220 (34.38%)

357 (35.21%)

253 (29.45%)

 > 3.5

17 (16.67%)

189 (29.53%)

387 (38.17%)

421 (49.01%)

Alcohol consumption

 No

21 (21.00%)

188 (29.15%)

242 (23.16%)

226 (25.54%)

 Yes

79 (79.00%)

457 (70.85%)

803 (76.84%)

659 (74.46%)

Hypertension

 No

62 (59.05%)

459 (65.85%)

777 (70.38%)

535 (57.65%)

 Yes

43 (40.95%)

238 (34.15%)

327 (29.62%)

393 (42.35%)

Hypercholesterolemia

 No

74 (70.48%)

484 (69.44%)

693 (62.77%)

503 (54.14%)

 Yes

31 (29.52%)

207 (29.70%)

404 (36.59%)

425 (45.75%)

Diabetes mellitus

 No

91 (86.67%)

625 (89.80%)

983 (89.04%)

812 (87.50%)

 Yes

14 (13.33%)

71 (10.20%)

121 (10.96%)

116 (12.50%)

Health insurance

 No

28 (26.67%)

204 (29.27%)

242 (21.94%)

106 (11.41%)

 Yes

77 (73.33%)

493 (70.73%)

861 (78.06%)

823 (88.59%)

Smoking status

 Never smoking

54 (51.43%)

406 (58.33%)

646 (58.51%)

562 (60.56%)

 Former smoking

34 (32.38%)

135 (19.40%)

147 (13.32%)

100 (10.78%)

 Current smoking

17 (16.19%)

155 (22.27%)

311 (28.17%)

266 (28.66%)

Severe periodontitis

 No

81 (77.14%)

596 (85.51%)

997 (90.31%)

860 (92.57%)

 Yes

24 (22.86%)

101 (14.49%)

107 (9.69%)

69 (7.43%)

  1. Bold denotes statistical signifcance at p < 0.05
  2. p values were calculated using the Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni correction
  3. BMI, body mass index; AA, associate degree; GED, General Educational Development; HDL-Cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-Cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol