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Table 5 Evidence on neurological diseases and caries

From: Associations between dental caries and systemic diseases: a scoping review

Study

Objectives and study design

Study type

Number of participants

Location of study

Outcomes and conclusions

Human study on neurological diseases and caries

 Cerebral palsy

  Cardoso et al. [80]

Determine prevalence and risk factors for dental caries and periodontal disease in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). DMFT/dmft, gingival bleeding index (GBI) and community periodontal index (CPI) were assessed on oral examination. Additionally, type of CP, socioeconomic status, caregiver’s education level and attitudes towards general and oral health were assessed

Cross sectional

80

Brazil

Outcomes: Participants ranging from 2-18-year-old were included. High prevalence of dental caries (59.3 %) with mean DMFT/dmft of 1.71 ± 2.42 / 2.22 ± 3.23 were noted. Further, caregiver’s education level of less than 8 years was found to be associated with dental caries experience using a Poisson Regression model [PR = 1.439 (1.09–1.89)]

Conclusion: CP patients demonstrated high caries prevalence and association with fewer education years of caregivers

 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  Paszynska et al.  [81]

Determine prevalence of obesity/overweight (BMI) and dental caries (ICDAS) in children (under 11 years of age) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compare with non-ADHD control group. Behavioral evaluation and parent interview for food habits was also conducted

Case-control

119 (39 cases and 80 controls)

Poland

Outcomes: ADHD group had significantly higher BMI compared to controls (p = 0.016). ICDAS scores were significantly different in primary (ICDAS 0,1,2,5,6) and permanent (ICDAS 1,3) dentition. Of note, ICDAS scores 5,6 were significantly higher in ADHD group in primary dentition (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009 respectively). Food habit interview showed significantly higher proportion of ADHD group participants consume sugary foods and drinks

Conclusion: Increased intake of sugary foods and drinks in ADHD patients may lead to weight gain and increased dental caries burden