Variables | Test | Control | p-value†|
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Heart rate per minute | |||
Baseline | 91.20 ± 14.53 | 85.48 ± 9.98 | 0.153 |
Video on | 94.20 ± 14.62 | 84.00 ± 10.62 | 0.012* |
Topical anesthesia application | 93.20 ± 13.44 | 86.36 ± 12.29 | 0.047* |
Needle insertion | 100.00 ± 15.52 | 89.44 ± 13.59 | 0.017* |
Immediately after local anesthesia | 104.08 ± 15.34 | 90.20 ± 14.29 | 0.001* |
HR difference (video on—baseline) | 3.00 ± 12.45 |  − 1.48 ± 8.00 | 0.228 |
HR difference (topical anesthesia—baseline) | 2.00 ± 12.52 | 0.88 ± 11.62 | 0.984 |
HR difference (needle insertion—baseline) | 8.80 ± 17.38 | 3.96 ± 11.61 | 0.437 |
HR difference (after local anesthesia—baseline) | 12.88 ± 16.74 | 4.72 ± 14.41 | 0.111 |
FLACC behavioral pain assessment scale | 2.58 ± 1.99 | 2.18 ± 2.29 | 0.497 |
Wong–Baker FACES pain rating scale | 2.40 ± 2.82 | 2.72 ± 2.99 | 0.707 |