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Table 2 Oral health parameters, orthodontic treatment, and oral hygiene habits in the study population

From: Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

 

Children and adolescents with ADHD (study group)

(n = 34)

Children and adolescents without ADHD (control group)

(n = 45)

P-value

DMFS

3.91 ± 9.17

1.98 ± 2.71

0.722

DMFT

1.91 ± 3.02

1.44 ± 1.79

0.983

API

51.9 ± 16.4%

52.1 ± 16.7%

0.980

Gingivitis

3 (8.8%)

7 (15.6%)

0.502

Bruxism

19 (55.9%)

25 (55.6%)

1.000

Orthodontic treatment:

 • ongoing

2 (5.9%)

8 (17.8%)

 

 • needed

4 (11.8%)

2 (4.4%)

0.182

 • not needed

28 (82.3%)

35 (77.8%)

 

Tooth brushing

 • ≥ 2x/day

30 (88.2%)

40 (88.9%)

 

 • 1x, only in the morning

1 (2.9%)

3 (6.7%)

0.399

 • 1x, only in the evening

3 (8.8%)

1 (2.2%)

 

 • none

0 (0%)

1 (2.2%)

 

Fluoride-containing toothpaste used

 • 500 ppm

1 (2.9%)

1 (2.2%)

 

 • 1000–1490 ppm

32 (94.2%)

42 (93.3%)

0.971

 • no answer

1 (2.9%)

2 (4.4%)

 

Knowledge of fluoride gel

 • yes

18 (52.9%)

25 (55.6%)

0.824

 • no

16 (47.1%)

20 (44.4%)

 

Usage of fluoride gel

 • yes

3 (8.8%)

8 (17.8%)

0.335

 • no

31 (91.2%)

37 (82.2%)