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Table 3 Univariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of quality of life score (lowest tertile was used as the reference), according to categories of potential predictorsa, among all participants (Weighted N = 1821)

From: Association between gingival parameters and Oral health–related quality of life in Caribbean adults: a population-based cross-sectional study

Predictors

Tertile 2 vs. Tertile 1 (ref.)

Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1 (ref.)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Age, years

1.00 (0.99; 1.01)

0.725

1.00 (0.99; 1.01)

0.411

Gender

 Male

0.84 (0.70; 1.01)

0.063

0.64 (0.50; 0.82)

< 0.001

 Female (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Level of education (WtN = 1817)b

 None/basic

1.18 (0.80; 1.73)

0.401

1.97 (1.38, 2.79)

< 0.001

 Middle/technical

1.14 (0.84; 1.54)

0.419

1.35 (1.06; 1.72)

0.017

 University (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Smoking (WtN = 1818)b

 Current

1.27 (0.95; 1.69)

0.102

1.91 (1.45; 2.50)

< 0.001

 Past

0.97 (0.73; 1.31)

0.859

0.99 (0.72; 1.37)

0.960

 Never (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Any diseases/conditions

 Yes

0.96 (0.75; 1.23)

0.752

1.35 (1.10; 1.66)

0.004

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Diabetes

 Yes

1.06 (0.73; 1.53)

0.772

1.41 (1.00; 1.99)

0.053

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Hypertension

 Yes

1.03 (0.75; 1.42)

0.845

1.23 (0.96; 1.58)

0.102

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Number of missing teeth

1.03 (0.99;1.06)

0.055

1.07 (1.04; 1.09)

< 0.001

Mean gingival index

1.45 (1.01; 2.07)

0.044

2.41 (1.91; 3.05)

< 0.001

Mean interproximal gingival index

1.45 (1.02; 2.07)

0.041

2.40 (1.89; 3.04)

< 0.001

Gingival bleeding at ≥ 40% of probing sites

 Yes

1.15 (0.86; 1.53)

0.353

1.67 (1.31; 2.13)

< 0.001

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Mean plaque index

1.41 (0.76; 2.61)

0.279

3.33 (1.65; 6.70)

< 0.001

Mean interproximal plaque index

1.50 (0.73; 3.11)

0.272

2.27 (1.26; 4.07)

0.006

Visible plaque index (plaque index ≥ 30%)

 Yes

1.57 (0.77; 3.22)

0.214

2.00 (1.16; 3.43)

0.013

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Mean calculus index (WtN = 1819)b

1.27 (0.91; 1.78)

0.159

1.58 (1.16; 2.15)

0.004

Mean interproximal calculus index (WtN = 1819)b

1.32 (0.91; 1.92)

0.141

1.55 (1.14; 2.11)

0.005

Frequency of dental visits

  ≥ Once per year (ref.)

1.0

1.0

 Never

0.56 (0.31; 1.00)

0.049

1.07 (0.55; 2.10)

0.847

 Only when there is a problem

1.12 (0.79; 1.58)

0.515

1.59 (1.25; 2.29)

< 0.001

 Missing

0.68 (0.36; 1.29)

0.239

0.28 (0.83; 1.98)

0.264

Frequency of tooth brushing (WtN = 1815)b

  ≥ Three times per day

0.25 (0.05; 1.31)

0.100

0.50 (0.09; 2.83)

0.432

 Twice per day

0.28 (0.06; 1.38)

0.118

0.44 (0.08; 2.55)

0.362

 Once per day

0.20 (0.04; 1.06)

0.058

0.65 (0.13; 3.35)

0.605

  < Once per day (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Use of dental floss

 Yes

0.98 (0.77; 1.23)

0.831

0.72 (0.59; 0.89)

0.002

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Location

 Kingston

1.05 (0.78; 1.42)

0.737

1.38 (1.04; 1.83)

0.026

 Santo Domingo

0.97 (0.70 l 1.34)

0.838

1.33 (1.03; 1.72)

0.029

 San Juan (ref.)

1.0

1.0

  1. aOdds ratio estimates were obtained from multinomial logistic regression models, with each predictor separately and the three-level categorical OHIP score (tertile) as the outcome, using the lowest tertile (best summary quality of life score) as the reference
  2. bFor these models, only participants with non-missing information on the predictor were included