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Table 2 Acculturation characteristics, benefits and barriers, and health-related knowledge of caregivers, overall and by pediatric patient age group

From: A survey of caregiver acculturation and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride treatment for childhood caries

Characteristics, Benefits and Barriers, and Knowledge of Caregivers

Overall (n = 546)

Patients < 6 years (n = 410)

Patients ≥6 years (n = 136)

P Value

Acculturation characteristics of caregivers

 Language caregiver usually speaks at home

   

0.095

  Only English / English more than native

255 (46.7)

186 (45.4)

69 (50.7)

 

  Both equally

129 (23.6)

92 (22.4)

37 (27.2)

  Native more than English / only native

131 (24.0)

107 (26.1)

24 (17.6)

  Missing

31 (5.7)

25 (6.1)

6 (4.4)

 Language caregiver usually thinks in

   

0.389

  Only English / English more than native

281 (51.5)

205 (50.0)

76 (55.9)

 

  Both equally

112 (20.5)

83 (20.2)

29 (21.3)

  Native more than English / only native

122 (22.3)

97 (23.7)

25 (18.4)

  Missing

31 (5.7)

25 (6.1)

6 (4.4)

 Language caregiver usually speaks with friends

   

0.004

  Only English / English more than native

270 (49.5)

195 (47.6)

75 (55.1)

 

  Both equally

116 (21.2)

80 (19.5)

36 (26.5)

  Native more than English / only native

129 (23.6)

110 (26.8)

19 (14.0)

  Missing

31 (5.7)

25 (6.1)

6 (4.4)

 Caregiver born in the United States

   

0.359

  Yes

288 (52.7)

220 (53.7)

68 (50.0)

 

  No

227 (41.6)

165 (40.2)

62 (45.6)

  Missing

31 (5.7)

25 (6.1)

6 (4.4)

 Years caregiver lived in the United States among those not born in the United States (n = 219)

14.4 ± 9.5

13.6 ± 8.8

16.4 ± 11.0

0.107

 Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH) score (n = 515)

3.6 ± 1.5

3.5 ± 1.5

3.8 ± 1.3

0.150

Perceived benefits and barriers of caregivers

 Likelihood of choosing SDF treatment

   

0.001

  Very / somewhat unlikely

95 (17.4)

66 (16.1)

29 (21.3)

 

  Not sure

94 (17.2)

59 (14.4)

35 (25.7)

  Somewhat / very likely

325 (59.5)

260 (63.4)

65 (47.8)

  Missing

32 (5.9)

25 (6.1)

7 (5.1)

 Concern regarding dark mark of SDF treatment

   

0.359

  Extremely / very concerned

129 (23.6)

92 (22.4)

37 (27.2)

 

  Moderately / slightly concerned

256 (46.9)

191 (46.6)

65 (47.8)

  Not concerned

159 (29.1)

125 (30.5)

34 (25.0)

  Missing

2 (0.4)

2 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

 Comfort regarding SDF treatment

   

0.049

  Very / somewhat uncomfortable

99 (18.1)

69 (16.8)

30 (22.1)

 

  Neutral

175 (32.1)

125 (30.5)

50 (36.8)

  Somewhat / very comfortable

271 (49.6)

216 (52.7)

55 (40.4)

  Missing

1 (0.2)

0

1 (0.7)

Perceived health-related knowledge of caregivers

 Understanding of SDF treatment

   

0.014

  Knows nothing / not enough / not sure

161 (29.5)

107 (26.1)

54 (39.7)

 

  Knows something

219 (40.1)

170 (41.5)

49 (36.0)

  Knows a lot

135 (24.7)

108 (26.3)

27 (19.9)

  Missing

31 (5.7)

25 (6.1)

6 (4.4)

  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are presented as n (%)
  2. P Values correspond to the testing of differences by age group of pediatric patients using the non-parametric Wilcox rank-sum test for continuous variables (which is robust to outliers and non-normal distributions) and the Fisher exact test for categorical variables, with missing values excluded