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Table 3 Frequency, percentage and results of multivariate logistic regression for untreated caries among adults in the U.S., 2011–2014

From: Disparities in untreated caries among children and adults in the U.S., 2011–2014

Characteristic

With Untreated caries n (weighted percent)

Without untreated caries n (weighted percent)

p-valuea

Odds Ratiob (95% CI) for untreated caries

Age

 19 to 45 years

1594 (29.28)

3276 (70.72)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.13–1.91)*

 46 to 64 years

874 (22.24)

2162 (77.76)

1.24 (1.02–1.51)*

 65 years and above

390 (16.66)

1377 (83.34)

1 (ref)

Race/Ethnicity

 Mexican American

439 (37.09)

738 (62.91)

< 0.001

0.96 (0.77–1.21)

 Other Hispanic

233 (27.92)

678 (72.08)

0.72 (0.54–0.95)*

 Non-Hispanic White

992 (20.85)

2820 (79.15)

1 (ref)

 Non-Hispanic Black

875 (39.58)

1382 (60.42)

1.61 (1.34–1.95)**

 Other race, including multi-racial

319 (23.06)

1197 (76.94)

1.01 (0.81–1.26)

Gender

 Male

1511 (27.17)

3213 (72.83)

< 0.05

1.28 (1.06–1.54)*

 Female

1347 (22.89)

3602 (77.11)

1 (ref)

Family income categories based on FPLc

 Less than 100% FPL

916 (43.23)

1169 (56.77)

< 0.001

2.40 (1.89–3.05)**

 100–199% FPL

835 (35.57)

1401 (64.43)

2.00 (1.69–2.36)**

 200–399% FPL

560 (23.22)

1692 (76.78)

1.58 (1.29–1.94)**

 400% FPL and above

320 (11.42)

2034 (88.58)

1 (ref)

Marital statusc

 With a significant other

1472 (22.03)

4031 (77.97)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.76–1.02)

 Without a significant other

1314 (30.13)

2555 (69.87)

1 (ref)

Education levelc

 Not a high school graduate

851 (44.19)

1096 (55.81)

< 0.001

1 (ref)

 High school graduate/GED

754 (33.50)

1334 (66.50)

0.80 (0.66–0.97)*

 Some college and above

1246 (18.06)

4379 (81.94)

0.48 (0.40–0.56)**

Recent dental visitc

 Less than one year

1091 (15.67)

4497 (84.33)

< 0.001

0.43 (0.36–0.50)**

 More than one year

1761 (41.12)

2315 (58.88)

1 (ref)

Financial barriers

 Yes

1026 (54.43)

866 (45.57)

< 0.001

2.84 (2.38–3.39)**

 No

1832 (19.45)

5949 (80.55)

1 (ref)

Non-financial barriers

 Yes

234 (49.94)

216 (50.06)

< 0.001

1.67 (1.23–2.26)*

 No

2624 (23.88)

6599 (76.12)

1 (ref)

  1. The sample size was N = 9673; CI Confidence interval
  2. ** p-value < 0.001; * p -value < 0.05
  3. ap-value from Pearson chi-square statistics comparing the percentage of adults with untreated caries and without untreated caries
  4. bOdds ratios were determined by multivariate logistic regression model. The F-adjusted mean residual test for goodness of fit suggests no evidence of lack of fit (p-value = 0.236)
  5. cFamily income categories based on FPL had 746 missing observations; marital status had 301 missing observations; education level had 13 missing observations; recent dental visit had 9 missing observations