Table 2 Dental caries prevalence (dmft > 0) and independent variables
Variables (n = 459) | Dental caries prevalence | p-value | Pairwise comparison |
|---|---|---|---|
Bottle feeding before sleeping | 0.900 | ||
Yes (75) | 56.0% | ||
No (384) | 55.1% | ||
Bottle feeding duration | 0.853 | ||
≤ 24 months (184) | 56.0% | ||
> 24 months (202) | 54.0% | ||
Still fed with bottle (73) | 57.5% | ||
Frequency of sugary snack intake (times per day) | 0.002 | ||
≤ 2 (260) | 46.6% | ||
> 2 (199) | 61.0% | ||
Brushing frequency (times per day) | 0.197 | ||
< 2 (154) | 59.7% | ||
≥ 2 (305) | 53.3% | ||
Brushing started age (months) | 0.474 | ||
0–24 (319) | 54.2% | ||
After 24 (140) | 58.3% | ||
Use other cleansing aids | 0.305 | ||
Yes (72) | 61.1% | ||
No (387) | 54.4% | ||
Assistance in brushing | 0.602 | ||
Yes (328) | 56.3% | ||
No (131) | 53.1% | ||
Dental attendance | <0.001 | a < b | |
Yes, regularly (33) a | 50.0% | ||
Yes, irregularly (80) b | 77.2% | ||
No (346) a | 51.2% | ||
Monthly family income (HKD) | 0.001 | b < a | |
≤ 15,000 a (177) | 65.0% | ||
15,001–30,000 a, b (168) | 54.2% | ||
≥ 30,001 b (114) | 42.0% | ||
Father’s education level | 0.547 | ||
Primary or below (32) | 58.1% | ||
Secondary (274) | 57.3% | ||
Tertiary or above (153) | 52.0% | ||
Mother’s education level | 0.027 | b < a | |
Primary or below a (44) | 72.7% | ||
Secondary a, b (256) | 55.7% | ||
Tertiary or above b (159) | 50.0% | ||
Parental dental knowledge level | 0.006 | a < b | |
Low a, b (25) | 72.0% | ||
Moderate b (259) | 59.8% | ||
High a (175) | 46.6% | ||
Parenthood | 1.000 | ||
Both parents (406) | 55.8% | ||
Single parent or other (53) | 55.3% | ||
Primary caregiver | 0.025 | a < b | |
Parents a, b (322) | 55.0% | ||
Grandparents or relatives b (97) | 63.9% | ||
Domestic helpers a (40) | 38.5% |