Table 1 Characteristics of participants and results of laboratory tests
From: Risk factors of early childhood caries among children in Beijing: a case-control study
Variables | ECC group N (%) | CF group N (%) | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (months) | 46.3 ± 5.43 | 45.7 ± 5.73 | 787 | 0.96 |
Gender | 0.09 | |||
Male | 220 (58.0) | 204 (49.6) | 424 | |
Female | 166 (42.0) | 197 (50.4) | 363 | |
Person filling out the questionnaire | 0.08 | |||
Father | 102 (26.4) | 92 (22.9) | 194 | |
Mother | 238 (61.7) | 267 (66.6) | 505 | |
Grandfather/Grandmother | 42 (10.9) | 40 (10.0) | 82 | |
Other (relative/nanny) | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | 6 | |
Using nursing bottle or not at present | 0.01* | |||
Yes | 70 (18.2) | 102 (25.4) | 172 | |
No | 315 (81.8) | 299 (74.6) | 614 | |
Contents of nursing bottle | 0.78 | |||
Water or milk | 155 (87.1) | 152 (89.4) | 307 | |
Sugared beverages | 21 (12.9) | 18 (10.6) | 39 | |
Sleeping with nursing bottle | 0.45 | |||
Always | 8 (4.1) | 3 (1.5) | 11 | |
Sometimes | 24 (12.3) | 23 (11.3) | 47 | |
Rarely or never | 163 (83.6) | 178 (87.2) | 341 | |
Frequency of snack consumption | 0.03* | |||
Never or seldom | 22 (5.7) | 30 (7.5) | 52 | |
Sometimes (<1 Times/Day) | 93 (24.3) | 94 (23.5) | 187 | |
1–2 Times/Day | 166 (43.3) | 204 (50.8) | 370 | |
3–4 Times/Day | 86 (22.5) | 65 (16.2) | 151 | |
≥5 Times/Day | 16 (4.2) | 8 (2.0) | 24 | |
Rinsing or brushing teeth after snacks | 0.71 | |||
Always | 104 (27.1) | 114 (28.4) | 218 | |
Sometimes | 173 (45.2) | 183 (45.6) | 356 | |
Never or seldom | 106 (27.7) | 104 (26.0) | 210 | |
Sleeping without brushing after snacks | 0.70 | |||
Always | 22 (5.8) | 22 (5.5) | 44 | |
Sometimes | 96 (25.1) | 94 (23.5) | 190 | |
Never or seldom | 264 (69.1) | 284 (71.0) | 548 | |
Frequency of tooth brushing | 0.008* | |||
Twice daily | 185 (48.4) | 156 (39.2) | 341 | |
Once daily | 161 (42.2) | 176 (44.2) | 337 | |
Less than once daily | 32 (8.4) | 58 (14.6) | 90 | |
Never | 4 (1.0) | 8 (2.0) | 12 | |
Guardians helping with the brushing | 0.23 | |||
Everyday | 116 (30.4) | 97 (24.4) | 213 | |
Sometimes | 137 (35.9) | 144 (36.2) | 281 | |
No or never brushing | 129 (33.7) | 157 (39.4) | 286 | |
Toothpaste containing fluoride | 0.27 | |||
Yes | 151 (39.8) | 136 (34.7) | 287 | |
No | 122 (32.2) | 127 (32.4) | 249 | |
Not sure | 87 (23.0) | 99 (25.3) | 186 | |
Not having used toothpaste | 19 (5.0) | 30 (7.6) | 49 | |
Dental visit history | <0.001** | |||
Yes | 279 (73.2) | 121 (30.4) | 400 | |
No | 102 (26.8) | 277 (69.6) | 379 | |
Education level of person filling out the questionnaire | 0.07 | |||
Junior high school | 6 (1.6) | 10 (2.5) | 16 | |
Senior high school | 104 (27.3) | 87 (21.8) | 192 | |
College and above | 271 (71.1) | 303 (75.7) | 576 | |
MS score of saliva | <0.001** | |||
0 (CFU <104) | 152 (39.4) | 306 (76.3) | 458 | |
1 (CFU 104–105) | 67 (17.4) | 50 (12.5) | 117 | |
2 (CFU 105–106) | 124 (32.1) | 39 (9.7) | 163 | |
3 (CFU >106) | 43 (11.1) | 6 (1.5) | 49 | |
MS score of plaque | <0.001** | |||
0 (CFU <104) | 80 (20.7) | 243 (60.6) | 323 | |
1 (CFU 104–105) | 16 (4.2) | 19 (4.7) | 35 | |
2 (CFU 105–106) | 34 (8.8) | 39 (9.7) | 73 | |
3 (CFU >106) | 256 (66.3) | 100 (25) | 356 |