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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants according to tertiles of MOF

From: Association between maximum occlusal force and 3-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling elderly people

 

MOF groups (tertile)

 

All

1(lowest)

2

3(highest)

p *

Characteristics

n=489

n=163

n=163

n=163

 

Demographics

 Age, mean (SD)

87.3(2.2)

87.3(2.4)

87.5(2.3)

87.1(2.0)

0.264

 Higher education, %c

26.5

26.1

27.2

26.1

0.968

 Smoking, %c

40.6

35.8

44.3

41.6

0.294

 Drinking, %d

48.8

45.0

49.4

52.2

0.431

Oral health status

 Number of teeth, median [IQR]

7.0[0.0–18.0]

5.0[0.0–11.0]

6.0[0.0–17.0]

15.0[0.0–24.0]

<0.001a

 Limitation of chewable foods, %

46.9

60.7

50.0

30.1

<0.001

 Tongue plaque, %

41.3

44.8

40.5

38.7

0.514

General health assessment

 MMSE, median [IQR]e

27[25–29]

27[23–29]

27[25–29]

27[25–29]

0.072a

 MMSE<24, %e

17.8

26.7

12.4

14.2

0.001

 ADL disability, %f

22.8

24.4

24.1

20.0

0.581

 BMI, mean (SD)

21.5(3.1)

21.1(3.0)

21.6(2.9)

21.9(3.4)

0.119

 BMI<18.5, %

17.0

19.0

14.7

17.3

0.583

Psychological status

 WHO-5, median [IQR]d

19.0[15.0–22.0]

19.0[15.0–22.0]

19.0[14.0–22.5]

20.0[17.0–22.0]

0.195a

Medical history, %

 Ischemic stroke

11.9

11.7

12.9

11.0

0.872

 Coronary heart disease

11.2

11.0

10.4

12.3

0.866

 Hypertensiong

59.3

58.6

57.1

62.1

0.526

 Diabetes mellitus

18.4

15.3

24.5

15.3

0.047

 Cancer

18.6

19.0

19.0

17.8

0.947

Biochemical

 Albumin, g/dL (SD)g

4.1(0.3)

4.1(0.3)

4.1(0.3)

4.1(0.2)

0.372

 IL-6, pg/ml, median [IQR]g

1.69[1.29–2.46]

1.75[1.32–2.47]

1.72[1.33–2.54]

1.63[1.21–2.43]

0.568b

 CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]g

0.09[0.04–0.18]

0.08[0.04–0.19]

0.10[0.04–0.21]

0.08[0.04–0.15]

0.594b

Physical functions

 Handgrip strength, median[IQR], kgf

19.3[15.5–24.0]

18.3[15.0–22.8]

19.0[15.5–23.3]

20.5[16.0–25.5]

0.006a

 Time up & go test, median[IQR], secondh

13.1[10.9–16.2]

13.8[11.3–18.7]

13.2[10.9–15.4]

12.7[11.0–15.2]

0.014a

Physical activity

 Total walking time>60 min/day, %d

37.2

36.3

40.0

35.2

0.649

  1. *P values were calculated for categorical covariates using chi-square test, whereas P variables were calculated using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables unless otherwise indicated. aCalculated using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. bCalculated using ANOVA after logarithmic transformation
  2. c-hData available for c472, d477, e484, f482, g486, and h432 people, respectively