| MOF groups (tertile) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | All | 1(lowest) | 2 | 3(highest) | p * |
Characteristics | n=489 | n=163 | n=163 | n=163 | Â |
Demographics | |||||
 Age, mean (SD) | 87.3(2.2) | 87.3(2.4) | 87.5(2.3) | 87.1(2.0) | 0.264 |
 Higher education, %c | 26.5 | 26.1 | 27.2 | 26.1 | 0.968 |
 Smoking, %c | 40.6 | 35.8 | 44.3 | 41.6 | 0.294 |
 Drinking, %d | 48.8 | 45.0 | 49.4 | 52.2 | 0.431 |
Oral health status | |||||
 Number of teeth, median [IQR] | 7.0[0.0–18.0] | 5.0[0.0–11.0] | 6.0[0.0–17.0] | 15.0[0.0–24.0] | <0.001a |
 Limitation of chewable foods, % | 46.9 | 60.7 | 50.0 | 30.1 | <0.001 |
 Tongue plaque, % | 41.3 | 44.8 | 40.5 | 38.7 | 0.514 |
General health assessment | |||||
 MMSE, median [IQR]e | 27[25–29] | 27[23–29] | 27[25–29] | 27[25–29] | 0.072a |
 MMSE<24, %e | 17.8 | 26.7 | 12.4 | 14.2 | 0.001 |
 ADL disability, %f | 22.8 | 24.4 | 24.1 | 20.0 | 0.581 |
 BMI, mean (SD) | 21.5(3.1) | 21.1(3.0) | 21.6(2.9) | 21.9(3.4) | 0.119 |
 BMI<18.5, % | 17.0 | 19.0 | 14.7 | 17.3 | 0.583 |
Psychological status | |||||
 WHO-5, median [IQR]d | 19.0[15.0–22.0] | 19.0[15.0–22.0] | 19.0[14.0–22.5] | 20.0[17.0–22.0] | 0.195a |
Medical history, % | |||||
 Ischemic stroke | 11.9 | 11.7 | 12.9 | 11.0 | 0.872 |
 Coronary heart disease | 11.2 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 12.3 | 0.866 |
 Hypertensiong | 59.3 | 58.6 | 57.1 | 62.1 | 0.526 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 18.4 | 15.3 | 24.5 | 15.3 | 0.047 |
 Cancer | 18.6 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 0.947 |
Biochemical | |||||
 Albumin, g/dL (SD)g | 4.1(0.3) | 4.1(0.3) | 4.1(0.3) | 4.1(0.2) | 0.372 |
 IL-6, pg/ml, median [IQR]g | 1.69[1.29–2.46] | 1.75[1.32–2.47] | 1.72[1.33–2.54] | 1.63[1.21–2.43] | 0.568b |
 CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]g | 0.09[0.04–0.18] | 0.08[0.04–0.19] | 0.10[0.04–0.21] | 0.08[0.04–0.15] | 0.594b |
Physical functions | |||||
 Handgrip strength, median[IQR], kgf | 19.3[15.5–24.0] | 18.3[15.0–22.8] | 19.0[15.5–23.3] | 20.5[16.0–25.5] | 0.006a |
 Time up & go test, median[IQR], secondh | 13.1[10.9–16.2] | 13.8[11.3–18.7] | 13.2[10.9–15.4] | 12.7[11.0–15.2] | 0.014a |
Physical activity | |||||
 Total walking time>60 min/day, %d | 37.2 | 36.3 | 40.0 | 35.2 | 0.649 |