Fig. 5
From: Three/four-dimensional (3D/4D) microscopic imaging and processing in clinical dental research
a A pathogen-specific antimicrobial compound (a porphyrin-linked metronidazole) developed in our laboratory [13] which can target intracellular oral pathogens P.gingivalis displayed in red auto-fluorescence. Left: nuclei staining with DAPI (blue channel), middle: an overlay image of drug (red channel) with nuclei (blue channel), and right image was drug only (red channel). Images showed that this modified drug penetrated into the cells and localized within the cytoplasm (red) to kill oral intracellular pathogens P. gingivalis (green) with a time course at 30 min (b), 1 h (c) and 1.5 h (d). From (b–d), left panels showed green colour bacteria P. gingivalis; middle panels showed the overlay images of cells' nuclei (blue channel), P.gingivalis (green channel) and drug (red channel); right panels showed the overlay images of P.gingivalis (green channel) and drug (red channel) only