Figure 2

Significant but transient increase in salivary human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1–3 levels by probiotic supplementation. The y-axis of box plot graph demonstrates salivary HNP1-3 levels normalized by total protein concentration in the unit of μg/mg for the control (empty boxes) and the probiotic (gray boxes) groups from four different periods of saliva collection: T0, T3, T6 and T12. * = p < 0.05; *** = p < 0.001. The solid lines show the significant differences between two groups, while the dotted lines represent the significant differences within the probiotic group.