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Table 1 Association between denture/bridge use and individual-level characteristics in males and females

From: Social determinants of denture/bridge use: Japan gerontological evaluation study project cross-sectional study in older Japanese

 

Males, n = 25630

Females, n = 28758

 

n

Denture/bridge users (%)

Univariate PR

n

Denture/bridge users (%)

Univariate PR

Characteristic

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

Socio-demographics

        

 Age group (years)

        

  65 - 69

6699

69.7

1.00

(reference)

6923

68.5

1.00

(reference)

  70 - 74

7081

68.1

0.98

(0.94-1.02)

7916

66.2

0.97

(0.93-1.01)

  75 - 79

6118

66.5

0.95

(0.92-0.99)a

6880

67.5

0.99

(0.95-1.03)

  80 - 84

3899

68.2

0.98

(0.93-1.03)

4443

68.2

1.00

(0.95-1.04)

  ≥ 85

1833

67.9

0.97

(0.92-1.04)

2596

69.3

1.01

(0.96-1.07)

 Marital status

        

  Married

21449

68.7

1.00

(reference)

15547

67.3

1.00

(reference)

  Separated/divorced

3216

65.9

0.96

(0.92-1.00)

11868

68.6

1.02

(0.99-1.05)

  Never married

441

60.5

0.88

(0.78-0.99)a

604

66.2

0.98

(0.89-1.09)

  Unknown/missing

524

63.9

0.93

(0.83-1.04)

739

59.8

0.89

(0.81-0.98)a

 Educational attainment (years)

        

  < 6

453

62.7

1.00

(reference)

1028

66.4

1.00

(reference)

  6 - 9

11161

62.6

1.00

(0.89-1.12)

13582

65.2

0.98

(0.91-1.06)

  10 - 12

7877

70.7

1.13

(1.00-1.27)a

9512

70.2

1.06

(0.98-1.14)

  ≥ 13

5048

77.4

1.23

(1.10-1.39)b

3171

70.7

1.06

(0.98-1.16)

  Missing

1091

66.0

1.05

(0.92-1.21)

1465

67.8

1.02

(0.93-1.12)

 Equivalent income (10000 yen)

       

  < 50

739

60.1

1.00

(reference)

1625

60.9

1.00

(reference)

  50 - 99

2192

59.6

0.99

(0.89-1.10)

3274

65.0

1.07

(0.99-1.15)

  100 - 149

3214

62.2

1.04

(0.93-1.15)

3151

66.4

1.09

(1.01-1.18)a

  150 - 200

5245

68.5

1.14

(1.03-1.26)b

4294

68.2

1.12

(1.04-1.20)b

  200 - 299

5452

71.6

1.19

(1.08-1.32)c

4768

71.5

1.18

(1.09-1.26)c

  300 - 399

3275

75.6

1.26

(1.14-1.39)c

2760

74.5

1.22

(1.13-1.32)c

  ≥ 400

2266

75.2

1.25

(1.13-1.39)c

2226

73.1

1.20

(1.11-1.30)c

  Missing

3247

62.8

1.05

(0.94-1.16)

6660

63.4

1.04

(0.97-1.12)

Health status

        

 Number of teeth

        

  10 - 19

10407

64.9

1.00

(reference)

11129

62.1

1.00

(reference)

  1 - 9

9786

73.5

1.13

(1.09-1.17)c

11565

73.7

1.19

(1.15-1.22)c

  0

5437

64.5

0.99

(0.95-1.04)

6064

66.4

1.07

(1.03-1.11)c

 Present illness

        

  No

6192

65.1

1.00

(reference)

6214

65.0

1.00

(reference)

  Yes

17602

69.2

1.06

(1.03-1.10)c

20081

68.2

1.05

(1.01-1.09)b

  Missing

1836

68.4

1.05

(0.99-1.12)

2463

69.7

1.07

(1.01-1.13)a

Social relationship

        

 General trust

        

  No

1075

64.6

1.00

(reference)

1273

64.8

1.00

(reference)

  Yes

23326

68.3

1.06

(0.98-1.14)

26111

67.8

1.05

(0.98-1.12)

  Missing

1229

68.1

1.05

(0.95-1.17)

1374

66.8

1.03

(0.94-1.13)

 Norms of reciprocity

        

  No

2237

66.5

1.00

(reference)

2517

66.9

1.00

(reference)

  Yes

22089

68.4

1.03

(0.98-1.08)

24635

67.8

1.01

(0.96-1.07)

  Missing

1304

66.9

1.01

(0.92-1.09)

1606

67.1

1.00

(0.93-1.08)

 Attachment to place

        

  No

1219

67.8

1.00

(reference)

1285

65.8

1.00

(reference)

  Yes

23754

68.2

1.01

(0.94-1.08)

26631

67.7

1.03

(0.96-1.10)

  Missing

657

67.0

0.99

(0.88-1.11)

842

68.1

1.03

(0.93-1.15)

 Emotional social support (received)

       

   No

1211

64.9

1.00

(reference)

727

64.1

1.00

(reference)

   Yes

11573

66.7

1.03

(0.96-1.10)

12619

65.7

1.03

(0.93-1.13)

   Missing

12846

69.8

1.07

(1.00-1.16)

15412

69.4

1.08

(0.99-1.19)

 Emotional social support (given)

       

   No

2225

65.0

1.00

(reference)

1112

64.2

1.00

(reference)

   Yes

13112

67.3

1.03

(0.98-1.09)

12703

65.8

1.02

(0.95-1.11)

   Missing

10293

70.0

1.08

(1.02-1.14)b

14943

69.5

1.08

(1.00-1.17)a

 Instrumental social support (received)

       

   No

1245

65.1

1.00

(reference)

1380

63.9

1.00

(reference)

   Yes

15949

67.7

1.04

(0.97-1.12)

16461

66.9

1.05

(0.98-1.12)

   Missing

8436

69.3

1.07

(0.99-1.15)

10917

69.3

1.08

(1.01-1.16)a

 Instrumental social support (given)

       

   No

2929

64.8

1.00

(reference)

3855

66.7

1.00

(reference)

   Yes

14467

68.2

1.05

(1.00-1.11)a

13287

66.6

1.00

(0.96-1.04)

   Missing

8234

69.1

1.07

(1.01-1.12)a

11616

69.1

1.04

(0.99-1.08)

 Number of social groups

        

   0

6074

66.4

1.00

(reference)

6693

66.5

1.00

(reference)

   1

4390

68.5

1.03

(0.99-1.08)

4551

69.9

1.05

(1.01-1.10)a

   2

3355

70.5

1.06

(1.01-1.12)a

3306

70.2

1.06

(1.00-1.11)a

   3 - 6

5207

71.1

1.07

(1.02-1.12)b

3871

70.2

1.06

(1.01-1.11)a

   Missing

6604

66.0

0.99

(0.95-1.04)

10337

65.6

0.99

(0.95-1.03)

 Frequency of meeting friends

        

  Rarely

2866

64.5

1.00

(reference)

1891

64.5

1.00

(reference)

  Several times a year

5163

69.5

1.08

(1.02-1.14)b

3127

68.7

1.07

(0.99-1.14)

  1 or 2 times/month

4986

69.7

1.08

(1.02-1.14)b

5225

69.1

1.07

(1.00-1.14)a

  Once/week

3595

69.1

1.07

(1.01-1.14)a

4965

68.2

1.06

(0.99-1.13)

  2 or 3 times/week

4304

67.6

1.05

(0.99-1.11)

6979

67.2

1.04

(0.98-1.11)

  Almost everyday

2930

68.2

1.06

(0.99-1.13)

4159

67.5

1.05

(0.98-1.12)

  Missing

1786

65.3

1.01

(0.94-1.09)

2412

65.8

1.02

(0.95-1.10)

  1. PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. a, p < 0.05; b, p < 0.01; c, p < 0.001.