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Table 1 Pearson Chi-Square test results for bivariate relationships between developmental delay status (Predictor Variable) and model covariates for Head Start children (N = 115)

From: Developmental delays and dental caries in low-income preschoolers in the USA: a pilot cross-sectional study and preliminary explanatory model

Variable

Total study population

Children with no developmental delay

Children with developmental delay

P-value

 

(N = 115)

(n = 95)

(n = 20)

 
 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Ascribed factors

    

Age (years)

   

P = .46

 3

22 (19.1)

2 (10.0)

20 (21.1)

 4

51 (44.3)

9 (45.0)

42 (44.2)

 5

42 (36.5)

9 (45.0)

33 (34.7)

Sex

   

P = .01

 Male

57 (49.6)

42 (44.2)

15 (75.0)

 Female

58 (50.4)

53 (55.8)

5 (25.0)

Race

   

P = .11

 White

56 (48.7)

43 (45.3)

13 (85.0)

 Non-White

59 (51.3)

52 (54.7)

7 (35.0)

Proximal factors

    

Communication difficulties

 

P = .15

 No

96 (87.3)

83 (89.2)

13 (76.5)

 Yes

14 (12.7)

10 (10.8)

4 (23.5)

Dental home

 

P = .52

 No

10 (8.7)

9 (9.5)

1 (5.0)

 Yes

105 (91.3)

86 (90.5)

19 (95.00

Immediate factors

    

Caregiver education level

   

P = .64

 Less than high school

37 (32.2)

30 (31.6)

7 (35.0)

 High school

39 (33.9)

34 (35.8)

5 (25.0)

 More than high school

39 (33.9)

31 (32.6)

8 (40.0)

Caregiver employment

   

P = .86

 Unemployed

32 (27.8)

26 (27.4)

6 (30.0)

 In school or training

14 (12.2)

11 (11.6)

3 (15.0)

 Employed

69 (60.0)

58 (61.1)

11 (55.0)

Family structure

   

P = .62

 Single parent

46 (40.0)

39 (41.1)

7 (35.0)

 Two parents

69 (60.0)

56 (58.9)

13 (65.0)

Child lives in a smoke-free home

   

P = .18

 No

13 (11.4)

9 (9.6)

4 (20.0)

 Yes

101 (88.6)

85 (90.4)

16 (80.0)

Macro factor

    

Lives in a community with fluoridated water

   

P = .68

 No

40 (36.0)

32 (35.2)

8 (40.0)

 

 Yes

71 (64.0)

59 (64.8)

12 (60.0)

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