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Table 4 Distribution of all types of DDE, separately diffuse opacities, hypoplasia and demarcated opacities according to socio-demographics

From: Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6–36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania

 

DDE % (n)

Diffuse opacities % (n)

Enamel hypoplasia % (n)

Demarcated opacities % (n)

Sex

Male

36.0 (222)*

25.6 (158)*

7.5 (46)

5.7 (35)

Female

31.0 (188)

20.7 (125)

8.4 (51)

4.3 (26)

Number of children

1- 3 children

34.0 (230)

24.1 (163)

7.8 (53)

3.8 (26)

4 and above children

33.0 (180)

22.0 (120)

8.1 (44)

6.4 (35)

Child age

6-12 months

20.2 (73)**

9.9 (36)**

3.6 (13)**

7.2 (26)*

13-24 months

34.0 (211)

25.6 (159)

6.0 (37)

4.7 (29)

25-36 months

52.9 (126)

37.0 (88)

19.7 (47)

2.5 (6)

a Presence of visible plaque

No

21.4 (105)**

12.4 (61)**

3.7 (18)**

5.9 (29)

Yes

41.7 (305)

30.4 (222)

10.8 (79)

4.4 (32)

Illness episode

Few

35.1 (101)

24.7 (71)

4.5 (13)**

6.6 (19)

 

Many

33.1 (309)

22.7 (212)

9.0 (84)

4.5 (42)

Birth weight

less than 2500 gm

36.0 (18)

12.0 (6)

22.0 (11)**

2.0 (1)

Equal or more than 2500 gm

33.0 (76)

23.5 (54)

7.4 (17)

3.5 (8)

Mother’s perception on child size at birth

Smaller

42.2 (79)**

31.0 (58)*

12.3 (23)**

3.2 (6)

Average

31.5 (281)

21.9 (195)

6.4 (57)

5.6 (50)

Larger

35.0 (50)

21.0 (30)

11.9 (17)

3.5 (5)

Breast feeding

No

43.0 (209)**

31.5 (153)**

13.4 (65)**

2.7 (13)**

Yes

27.3 (201)

17.7 (130)

4.4 (32)

6.5 (48)

Mothers education

No formal education

34.0 (117)

22.1 (76)

9.3 (32)

5.5 (19)

Completed primary and above

33.4 (293)

23.6 (207)

7.4 (65)

4.8 (42)

Mother’s age

≤ 24 years

31.8 (128)

21.8 (88)

6.9 (28)

4.7 (19)

≥25 years

35.1 (277)

24.1 (190)

8.7 (69)

5.3 (42)

Household assets index

1st quartile-least poor

27.8 (91)*

19.3 (63)

7.0 (23)

4.0 (13)

2nd quartile

34.8 (106)

24.3 (74)

6.6 (20)

5.9 (18)

3rd quartile

35.0 (106)

25.4 (77)

7.9 (24)

5.0 (15)

4th quartile- poorest

37.4 (107)

24.1 (69)

10.5 (30)

5.2 (15)

  1. P<0.05, **P<0.01, a presence of visible plaque on upper anterior teeth.